2026, Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part A

Small-scale check dams represent a practical engineering solution for managing sediment transport and enhancing groundwater recharge in semi-hilly regions. This research presents a comprehensive evaluation of check dam performance across three distinct sites in Germany, examining both sediments trapping efficiency and water infiltration characteristics. Field investigations were conducted over a 24-month period from March 2022 to February 2024 at locations in the Hessian Highlands, Bavarian Foothills, and Black Forest region. Each site featured different check dam configurations including concrete weirs, stone masonry structures, gabion installations, earthen embankments, and composite designs.

The methodology combined hydrological monitoring with geotechnical assessments to quantify dam performance under varying precipitation conditions. Sediment accumulation was measured using bathymetric surveys and core sampling, while groundwater levels were tracked through a network of piezometers installed upstream and downstream of each structure. Results demonstrated significant variation in performance based on dam type and seasonal conditions.

Composite design check dams achieved the highest sediment trap efficiency at 82.7% during dry season conditions and 71.4% during wet season events. Groundwater recharge rates peaked during summer months, with Site A recording maximum values of 62.3 mm per month in July. Statistical analysis revealed strong correlations between dam height-to-catchment area ratios and overall performance metrics. The research provides quantitative benchmarks for engineering practitioners considering check dam implementation in similar topographic settings.