Author(s): Martin K Schneider and Ahmed Ben Salah

Abstract: Openings introduced in reinforced concrete frames for functional requirements such as doors, windows, and service ducts significantly influence the structural performance of buildings. In framed structures, the position of openings alters stress distribution, stiffness, and load transfer mechanisms, thereby affecting overall load-carrying capacity. This research investigates the effect of opening location on the ultimate load capacity of single-bay reinforced concrete frames through experimental simulation and statistical evaluation. Four frame configurations were considered: frames without openings, frames with centrally located openings, frames with openings near beam-column joints, and frames with openings at column regions. All frames were designed using identical material properties, reinforcement detailing, and geometric parameters to ensure consistency. Controlled loading conditions were applied until failure, and load-displacement responses were recorded. Statistical tools including one-way analysis of variance, regression analysis, and post-hoc comparisons were employed to quantify the significance of differences among configurations. Results indicate that opening location has a statistically significant influence on load-carrying capacity, with centrally located openings demonstrating comparatively higher strength retention than openings near column zones. Frames with column-level openings exhibited early cracking and reduced stiffness, leading to lower ultimate load resistance. Regression analysis revealed a strong correlation between opening proximity to critical stress zones and reduction in capacity. The findings highlight the importance of strategic placement of openings in reinforced concrete frames, particularly in low-rise and moderate-span structures. The research provides practical insights for structural designers to minimize adverse effects caused by functional openings while maintaining safety and serviceability. The outcomes contribute to improved design decisions and reinforce the need for careful structural assessment when modifying frame configurations during design or retrofitting stages.

DOI: 10.22271/27078388.2026.v7.i1a.61

Pages: 17-20 | Views: 23 | Downloads: 9

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