Author(s): María Fernández, Carlos Rodríguez and Isabel García

Abstract: Accurate documentation of existing buildings in dense urban environments is crucial for urban planning, heritage conservation, retrofitting, and facility management. However, conventional survey methods often struggle with occlusions, irregular geometries, and limited visibility within narrow streets and high-rise clusters. This research presents a comprehensive workflow that integrates Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data with Building Information Modeling (BIM) for producing precise, semantically rich, and georeferenced building surveys in complex urban contexts. The methodology involved multi-angle terrestrial and mobile LiDAR data acquisition, generalized Iterative Closest Point (G-ICP) registration for improved alignment, voxel-based noise filtering, and semantic reconstruction of architectural components into BIM-compatible formats. Three representative urban blocks were surveyed and analyzed using statistical validation, including paired t-tests and regression analyses, to quantify accuracy, completeness, and processing efficiency. The integrated LiDAR-BIM integration workflow that achieved horizontal and vertical root mean square (RMS) deviations below 0.05 m and enhanced façade completeness by approximately 20% compared to single-sweep LiDAR approaches. The statistical outcomes confirmed significant improvements (p < 0.001) in geometric fidelity and completeness, especially under high-occlusion conditions. The final BIM outputs were fully compliant with ISO 19650 and RICS accuracy classes, ensuring interoperability with GeoBIM systems. The study concludes that LiDAR-BIM integration integration offers a replicable, standards-aligned framework capable of transforming unstructured spatial data into intelligent digital twins. Practical recommendations include adopting multi-view scanning strategies, semantic modeling standards, and ISO-aligned data management practices to achieve greater precision, reliability, and reusability of measured building surveys. This research establishes an operational and methodological benchmark for future urban surveying and digital twin implementation in complex built environments.

Pages: 31-35 | Views: 22 | Downloads: 14

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