Author(s): Nandini Kaushik, Himanshu Vimal and Devesh Jaysawal

Abstract: This report provides basic knowledge about the liquefaction of soil during a strong earthquake. The prediction of liquefaction and resulting displacements is a major concern for earth structures located in regions of moderate to high seismicity. The effect of these parameters was studied using excess pore pressure, lateral movement, and settlement time histories.Seismic disturbances can cause a sudden decrease in soil volume, creating pore spaces that become filled with water. This build-up of pore water pressure in the soil can be dangerous, as it can lead to a loss of shear strength in the soil. When the pore water pressure becomes equal to the total stresses in the soil, the soil can no longer resist the forces acting on it. As a result, the foundation on the soil may experience a large settlement, which can cause significant damage to buildings and other structures. In addition, the upward flow of water mixed with soil particles under turbulent conditions can cause further damage. It is important to understand the potential effects of seismic disturbances on soil and to take appropriate measures to mitigate the risks. This may involve designing foundations that are able to withstand the effects of earthquakes or implementing measures to reduce the build-up of pore water pressure in the soil. By taking proactive steps to protect against seismic disturbances, it is possible to minimize the risks and ensure the safety of structures built on or near potentially unstable soil.

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