The focus of the review is a comparative approach to assessing the role of industrialization in shaping pollution levels of ambient air. The review aims to provide an overview of evidence regarding the dependence patterns between industrial development and quality characteristics/types of air pollutants. The review is based on a variety of region- and sector-specific case studies. Their comparative analysis allows defining similarity patterns as well as context-dependent distinctions. The analysis of industrial pollution case studies along with a spatial dimension enables to articulate a research-based discussion on the commonalities and distinctions in industrialization effects on air pollution across urban, peri-urban, and rural areas. The review provides the evidence on implications of the industrialization impact on ambient air quality for air pollution. The results of the review aim to inform implications for discussion and consider directions for further research.