Author(s): Mariana López, Carlos Silva and Ana Beatriz Ferreira

Abstract: The construction industry is a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, prompting the need for sustainable alternatives. This study evaluates the performance, environmental impacts, and adoption challenges of low-carbon construction materials, focusing on geopolymer concrete, engineered timber, and smart concrete. Experimental results reveal that smart concrete achieves the highest compressive strength (60 MPa), while engineered timber records the lowest carbon emissions (100 kg CO2e/ton). A survey of construction professionals identifies cost, regulatory constraints, and awareness as primary barriers to adoption. Comparisons with prior studies corroborate these findings and emphasize the need for policy interventions, industry collaboration, and educational initiatives to mainstream low-carbon materials. The study underscores the transformative potential of these materials in reducing the construction sector’s carbon footprint while maintaining performance standards. Insights inform targeted policies to improve uptake, training programs for industry professionals, and support for demonstration projects.

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